Food Hygiene and Safety at Home: Essential Practices for a Healthy Kitchen

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Each year, foodborne illnesses affect millions of people—many of whom don’t realise the symptoms can mimic the flu. These illnesses can lead to serious complications, especially for pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. By following proper food hygiene and safety practices at home, you can significantly reduce the risk of food poisoning and ensure your kitchen is a safe place to cook and eat.


1. Personal Hygiene: Your First Line of Defense

Bacteria that cause food poisoning are often invisible and can live on our skin, clothes, and surfaces. Proper personal hygiene while cooking is essential.

  • Wash your hands thoroughly with warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds—before and after preparing food, after touching raw meat, using the bathroom, or handling rubbish.

  • Avoid touching your face, hair, phone, or clothing while preparing meals.

  • Stay out of the kitchen if you are feeling unwell or have flu-like symptoms.

  • Don’t chew gum, smoke, or handle food while sneezing or coughing.


2. Safe Food Handling and Storage

Improper handling or storing of food can allow harmful bacteria to grow quickly.

  • Thaw food safely in the fridge, under cold running water, or in the microwave. Never defrost food at room temperature. Learn about safe thawing.

  • Refrigerate promptly. Your fridge should be at or below 5°C (41°F). Store perishable foods as soon as possible and avoid overfilling.

  • Freeze smartly. Label and date frozen items and aim to use them within 3–6 months for best quality. See Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) for storage guidelines.


3. Cooking and Reheating Food Safely

Cooking and reheating foods to the correct temperature ensures that harmful bacteria are destroyed.

  • Cook food thoroughly. For example, poultry should reach an internal temperature of at least 75°C (167°F). Check this with a food thermometer. See this guide to safe cooking temperatures.

  • Reheat leftovers until steaming hot all the way through, also reaching 75°C. Only reheat food once.


4. Spotting and Responding to Foodborne Illness

Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. If you or a family member becomes ill after eating:

  • Seek medical advice—call your GP or dial 000 in an emergency.

  • Keep the food or packaging as evidence if needed for testing.

  • Report suspected food poisoning from a business to your local council or via Food Safety Victoria.


5. Special Precautions for Vulnerable Groups

Some people are at greater risk of severe reactions from foodborne pathogens:

  • Pregnant women: Avoid raw seafood, soft cheeses, deli meats, and unpasteurised dairy. Read the pregnancy food safety guide.

  • Older adults: Be cautious with high-risk foods like sushi, cold meats, and undercooked eggs. Learn more from Nutrition Australia.

  • People with weakened immune systems: Take extra care with food preparation, storage, and reheating. Consult Safe Food Handling Tips.


Final Thoughts

Good food hygiene isn’t just for commercial kitchens—it’s a vital part of home cooking too. From clean hands to proper refrigeration and cooking, following these simple practices protects your household from unnecessary risk and keeps your meals safe and enjoyable.

For more tips and hands-on learning, explore our Otao Kitchen Cooking Classes—where we combine food safety with fun, interactive cooking.

Food Hygiene and Safety at Home: Essential Practices for a Healthy Kitchen

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