1. Clean: Keep Everything Spotless
Keeping hands, surfaces, utensils, and food clean is your first line of defense.
How to Wash Your Hands Properly
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Wash hands thoroughly in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching food.
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Scrub the backs of your hands, wrists, between fingers, and under your nails.
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Dry with a clean towel, disposable paper towel, or air dryer—not a tea towel or your clothes.
When to Wash Your Hands
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After going to the toilet
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After handling raw meat, poultry, seafood, or eggs
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After sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose
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After touching your hair, face, or body
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After handling garbage or pets
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After smoking
Clean Your Kitchen
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Wash all kitchen equipment, utensils, and countertops with hot soapy water between handling different food items.
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Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water—even those with peels.
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Wipe down canned goods before opening to remove surface contaminants.
2. Separate: Avoid Cross-Contamination
Cross-contamination occurs when bacteria from raw food spread to cooked or ready-to-eat food.
Key Separation Tips
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Keep raw meats, seafood, poultry, and eggs separate from other foods in your fridge, trolley, and shopping bags.
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Use different cutting boards and utensils for raw and cooked foods.
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Never reuse marinades used for raw food unless boiled first.
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Store raw meat in sealed containers or on lower fridge shelves to prevent juices from dripping onto other food.
3. Cook: Heat Kills Harmful Bacteria
Cooking food to the right internal temperature is essential to kill bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli.
Cook Safely and Accurately
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Use a food thermometer to ensure accuracy—don’t rely on the food’s appearance.
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Cook poultry, sausages, and mince until there’s no pink inside and juices run clear.
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Steaks can be rare if seared properly, but minced meat must be fully cooked since bacteria can be present throughout.
Safe Internal Cooking Temperatures
Food Type | Temperature |
---|---|
Beef, Pork, Lamb (whole cuts) | 71°C |
Ground Meat (beef, pork) | 71°C |
Poultry (whole or minced) | 74°C |
Fish | 63°C |
4. Chill: Keep Food Out of the Danger Zone
The temperature danger zone for food is between 5°C and 60°C, where bacteria multiply rapidly. Always keep perishable food cold.
Chilling Best Practices
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Refrigerate food immediately after bringing it home from the supermarket.
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Marinate foods in the fridge, not on the counter.
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Follow the 2-Hour Rule: refrigerate or freeze food within 2 hours of cooking or buying. In hot weather (over 32°C), reduce this to 1 hour.
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Never thaw food at room temperature. Instead, use the fridge, cold water, or microwave.
Feeling Sick After Eating? Take Action Fast
If you suspect food poisoning:
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Contact your doctor or dial 000 immediately if symptoms are severe.
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Save packaging (e.g., cans, wrappers) in case it helps with diagnosis.
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If you think you got sick from a restaurant or food seller, report it to your local council.
Personal Hygiene in the Kitchen
Maintaining good personal hygiene while cooking is critical to preventing food contamination.
Top Personal Hygiene Practices
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Wash and dry your hands before and after food handling.
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Avoid preparing food when you’re unwell.
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Wear clean aprons or kitchen clothing.
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Keep mobile phones and personal items out of the kitchen area.
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Tie back long hair and keep fingernails short and clean.
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Avoid wearing rings or bracelets while cooking.
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Cover all cuts or wounds with waterproof, brightly coloured bandages, and wear gloves over them.
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Change disposable gloves frequently if worn.
Safe Storage Tips for Your Food
Proper storage helps maintain food safety and extend shelf life.
Keep Food Out of the Danger Zone
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Store cooked food at or above 60°C if not eating right away.
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Store cold food below 5°C.
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Leftovers should go into shallow containers for faster cooling and be refrigerated within 2 hours (1 hour if it's hot outside).
Freezing Food Safely
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Most foods can be frozen, but label everything with the food name and freezing date.
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Eat frozen food within 3–6 months for best quality.
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Vacuum-sealed foods can last up to 2 years in the freezer at -18°C.
Reheating Leftovers the Right Way
Reheating food properly is just as important as cooking it correctly.
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Heat leftovers to a minimum internal temperature of 75°C.
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In microwaves, stir food during heating and cover it to ensure even heat distribution.
Fridge and Freezer Safety
Proper fridge and freezer temperatures prevent bacterial growth.
Fridge
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Maintain temperature at or below 4.5°C.
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Place a fridge thermometer inside if your model doesn’t have a display.
Freezer
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Should be set at -18°C or lower.
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Use a thermometer to verify accurate settings.
How to Check a Thermometer’s Accuracy
To ensure your food thermometer works properly:
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Fill a container with ice and cold water (about 2cm below the top).
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Insert the thermometer 4cm deep, avoiding the sides.
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Swirl gently for 15 seconds—it should read 0°C.
Conclusion: Make Food Hygiene a Daily Habit
Food safety begins at home, and your kitchen habits can make a big difference. By following the clean, separate, cook, and chill rules, practicing good personal hygiene, and using proper storage and reheating techniques, you can protect your household from harmful bacteria and prevent food poisoning.
Bookmark this guide and share it with family and friends—it’s a recipe for good health!
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