Understanding the 5 (or 6) Core Tastes
Each of the five core tastes—and the often-included spicy—plays a unique role in shaping how a dish feels on your palate. Here’s how they interact:
1. Sweet
From sugar, honey, fruits or otherwise, sweetness will counteract bitter and sour flavours. It can also be used to cut down the heat of a particularly spicy meal.
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Comes from sugar, honey, fruits, maple syrup.
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Balances bitterness and sourness.
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Soothes spiciness.
Try this: Add a touch of palm sugar to Thai green curry to mellow the heat and lift the earthy notes.
2. Salty
Salt plays two very important roles in flavouring a dish. Firstly, it balances against bitterness. Secondly, it enhances most other flavours present in the dish - particularly sweetness. Think about salted caramel - this flavour combination works so well because of the balance created by the salt and sugar. Similarly, salt is commonly used in tomato-based dishes to bring the natural flavours of the tomato forward. If you ever end up with a bland dish, the likely issue is that it’s just under-seasoned (i.e. lacking salt or umami). Any avid foodie knows that under-seasoning dishes are a really common mistake made by home cooks.
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Enhances sweetness, balances bitterness, brings flavours to life.
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A little salt can transform a bland dish.
Pro tip: If your tomato pasta tastes flat, a pinch of salt may be all it needs to shine.
3. Sour
Think of vinegar and citrus. Acidity works wonders in balancing a dish, adding liveliness and counteracting sweetness and heat. Pickles and other sour ingredients also cut through rich & fatty ingredients. This is why a dollop of yogurt is perfect for a spicy curry or stew. It helps to counteract that richness and heat, creating a new balance of flavours.
Comes from citrus juice, vinegar, pickles.
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Brightens a dish, cuts through richness and sweetness.
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Balances spiciness.
A squeeze of lime over pad Thai doesn’t just add zing—it balances sweet tamarind, salty fish sauce, and the nuttiness of crushed peanuts.
4. Bitter
Though not the most popular flavour generally, bitterness is critical to balance. The taste of grapefruit, coffee, dark greens or beer can help to cut through the salty richness or sweetness of a meal. Even though you rarely add bitter to dishes, there are lots of ingredients that are naturally bitter, namely our green vegetables. To make it a bit easier to enjoy these bitter veggies, you can add some sweet, salty, or even sour. For a perfect combo, use a vinaigrette that’s a bit sweet, salt, and sour to accompany a salad with bitter greens like endive, spinach, radicchio, or kale. You can even help your kids gobble down their broccoli or cabbage by roasting with a little of brown sugar, honey or balsamic vinegar.
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Found in dark greens, coffee, cocoa, beer, citrus pith.
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Often used to cut through richness or balance sweetness and salt.
Want kids to eat their greens? Roast Brussels sprouts with a drizzle of honey or balsamic to sweeten the bitterness.
5. Umami
This flavour can be hard to pin down, but is the inherent savoury notes in soy sauce, mushrooms, oysters and many cheeses. Umami is best used to complement other flavours - perfect for a dish that seems balanced but is still lacking.
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The elusive “savoury” taste from soy sauce, mushrooms, aged cheese, miso, anchovies.
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Adds depth, body, and roundness.
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Enhances almost every other flavour.
A few drops of fish sauce can lift an entire stir-fry without anyone realising it’s there.
6. Spicy (not technically a “taste,” but crucial!)
Sour and sweet flavour balances spice. So, if you have a dish that’s too spicy you can try adding a little sweetness or acidity to adjust the heat.
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Adds heat and intensity.
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Balanced by sweet and sour.
Too spicy? Stir in some coconut milk and palm sugar, or serve with a dollop of yogurt to cool it down.
Real-World Flavour Balancing: A Thai Curry Example
Take a classic Thai curry:
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Sweet from coconut milk and palm sugar
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Savoury/Umami from fish sauce
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Spicy from curry paste and chillies
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Sour from lime juice or tamarind
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Bitter notes from kaffir lime leaves or eggplant
The harmony of these elements makes Thai cuisine so dynamic and addictive.
Quick Flavour Fixes
Below we’ve come up with different ideas on how you can fix an under-seasoned dish. Clearly salt is the obvious option, but there are a lot of other condiments and ingredients that can add savoury depth to your meal.
- Add a splash of soy sauce, fish sauce, or miso to broth or stock
- Sauté veggies with a little bit of anchovy or shrimp paste
- Simmer soups with the rind of parmesan cheese
- Sweetness is not just for desserts.
- Add some honey, maple syrup, or jam to an acidic vinaigrette to neutralise the sourness of the vinegar.
- Toss roasted brussel sprouts, which are bitter, with a sweet sauce
- Add some sugar to an overly spiced curry or soup
- For the ingredients that are naturally sweet, you can enhance their sweetness with something salty or rich in umami. For example, toss roasted carrots and sweet potatoes with some miso paste.
Messed up your seasoning? Don’t worry—we’ve all been there! Try these tips:
Problem | Fix It With |
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Too Bland | Add salt, soy sauce, miso, or parmesan rind |
Too Spicy | Add sweetness (sugar, coconut milk) or acidity (lime, vinegar) |
Too Sweet | Balance with lemon juice, vinegar, or a pinch of salt |
Too Sour | Add honey or maple syrup |
Too Bitter | Try sweetness (roasting, sugar) or acidity with fat (vinaigrette) |
Flavour Combinations That Work
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Salt + Sweet: Sea salt chocolate, salted caramel, miso-glazed sweet potato.
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Sour + Rich: Yogurt with spicy stew, pickled radish with Korean BBQ.
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Bitter + Sweet: Dark chocolate and orange, roasted Brussels with maple syrup.
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Umami + Anything: A splash of soy or fish sauce deepens the flavour in soups, stir-fries, or marinades.
Practice Makes Perfect
Balancing flavour isn’t about strict rules—it’s about tasting, adjusting, and experimenting. Come join our Cooking Masterclasses or Kids & Teen Classes at Otao Kitchen, where you’ll get hands-on experience with real ingredients, real dishes, and real flavour challenges.
With every dish you make, you’ll train your palate, learn to trust your instincts, and develop your own style. That’s the true joy of cooking.
Ready to Master the Art of Flavour?
Whether you're a complete beginner or a confident home cook, Otao Kitchen is here to help you explore flavour in new and exciting ways. Book your next culinary adventure today.