Herbs and Spices in Vietnamese Cooking: The Aromatic Soul of Every Dish

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Herbs and Spices in Vietnamese Cooking: The Aromatic Soul of Every Dish

Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its vibrant flavours, aromatic freshness, and harmonious balance. While many global cuisines rely heavily on fats or heavy sauces, Vietnamese cooking leans into herbs, spices, and aromatics to deliver depth and complexity. Whether you're exploring a warming bowl of pho, a crunchy banh xeo, or a zesty goi salad, you'll find that herbs and spices play a starring role—not just as garnishes, but as essential ingredients.

Why Herbs and Spices Matter in Vietnamese Food

Vietnamese cooking uses salt, sugar, pepper, garlic, and onion like most cuisines, but what sets it apart is its liberal use of fresh herbs. In many dishes, herbs act as vegetables—the base of soups, stir-fries, salads, and stews. The contrast between hot and cold, crunchy and tender, sweet and spicy is built from the ground up with these fresh, flavour-packed ingredients.

Herbs and Spices in Vietnamese Cooking: The Aromatic Soul of Every Dish

Fresh Aromatics in Vietnamese Cuisine

These ingredients are often bruised, sliced, or pounded to release their essential oils and aromas, infusing dishes with depth and complexity:

  • Galangal – Earthy and citrusy, often used in broths and stews.

  • Coriander Root – A staple in marinades and dipping sauces.

  • Garlic – Used generously in stir-fries, sauces, and pickles.

  • Ginger & Young Ginger – Essential in soups, stir-fries, and grilled meats.

  • Green Peppercorns – Often seen in claypot dishes (ca kho to).

  • Lemongrass – Ubiquitous in Vietnamese grilled meats and curries.

  • Shallots & Spring Onions – Provide sweetness and aroma when sautéed.

  • Chilli – Fresh red or green chillies are used for heat and colour.

  • Turmeric – Adds golden hue and earthy depth to dishes like banh xeo.

  • Kaffir Lime Leaves & Lemon Leaf – Bright, fragrant notes in soups and steamed dishes.

  • Lalot (Betel Leaf) – Used for wrapping grilled meat in bo la lot.


Essential Fresh Herbs in Vietnamese Cooking

Vietnamese dishes are often served with a mountain of fresh herbs, each contributing distinct texture and flavour:

  • Coriander (Cilantro) – Bright and citrusy, perfect in soups and salads.

  • Sawtooth Coriander – Stronger than cilantro, often found in pho.

  • Thai Basil, Lemon Basil & Holy Basil – Add sweetness, spice, and pepperiness.

  • Mint & Vietnamese Mint (Hot Mint) – Cool, peppery contrast in rolls and salads.

  • Rice Paddy Herb (Ngo Om) – A lemony herb used in sour soups.

  • Perilla Leaf (Tia To) – Bold, herbal flavour for bun cha or rice paper rolls.

  • Vietnamese Balm (Kinh Gioi) – Lemon-like freshness.

  • Peppermint (Hung Cay), Spearmint (Hung Lui) – Used interchangeably to add brightness.

  • Dill – Uniquely Vietnamese in dishes like cha ca.

  • Chinese Chives (Garlic Chives) – Stir-fried or used in dumplings.

  • Fish Mint – An acquired taste; often found in northern-style dishes.

  • Bitter Herbs & Sorrel – Used for balance in traditional rural cooking.


Dried Spices in Vietnamese Cuisine

Dried spices are key in soups, braises, and stews, especially those with Chinese or French influence:

  • Black Cardamom – Smoky and robust, a signature in pho bo broth.

  • Cinnamon & Casia Bark – Add warmth to broths and claypot dishes.

  • Cloves, Star Anise, Fennel Seeds – Common in aromatic spice blends.

  • Coriander Seeds – Citrus and nuttiness in meat rubs and pickles.

  • Cumin – Subtle warmth in northern cuisine.

  • White & Black Peppercorns – Heat and aroma in nearly every dish.

  • Dried Chillies – Used in chilli oils and pickles.


Cooking With Vietnamese Herbs and Spices at Otao Kitchen

At Otao Kitchen Cooking School, our classes are designed to immerse you in the full flavour spectrum of Vietnamese cuisine. Whether you’re learning to make pho, bun cha, or fresh spring rolls, we’ll guide you through the how and why of using these essential herbs and spices.

Join our Vietnamese cooking masterclass or explore our NDIS cooking experiences, kids and teens classes, or gift hampers featuring essential Vietnamese herbs and spices to try at home.

👉 Book a Vietnamese Cooking Class Now

👉 Explore Our Cooking Hampers


Conclusion:
Understanding the herbs and spices of Vietnam is the first step to mastering its cuisine. These ingredients are not just additions—they are the soul of every dish. Whether you're a home cook or a food lover, learning about these fresh and dried aromatics will take your Vietnamese cooking to the next level.

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