🥇 #1 Fish Sauce – Nước Mắm
Fish sauce is the soul of Vietnamese cuisine. Made by fermenting anchovies and sea salt for 12–18 months in large ceramic jars, it’s a powerful umami bomb used in marinades, stir-fries, dressings, and dipping sauces.
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Taste: Salty, savoury, rich in umami
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Use it for: Pho broth, nuoc cham dipping sauce, marinades
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Otao tip: Look for premium brands like Nam Ngu or Phu Quoc for authentic Vietnamese flavour.
🥈 #2 Hoisin Sauce – Tương Đen
Hoisin sauce is a thick, sweet-savoury sauce originally from China but now widely used in Vietnamese cooking. It’s made from fermented soybeans, garlic, vinegar, and sugar.
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Taste: Sweet, tangy, earthy
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Use it for: Stir-fries, marinades, dipping for rice paper rolls
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Otao tip: Mix it with a bit of chilli and peanut butter to make a perfect dipping sauce for Gỏi Cuốn (fresh rolls).
🔥 #3 Chilli Sauce – Tương Ớt
Every Vietnamese household has a version of chilli sauce—made from pimentos, garlic, vinegar, sugar, and salt. Some varieties are bold and spicy, others are milder and sweeter.
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Taste: Hot, tangy, sometimes sweet
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Use it for: Pho, noodle soups, dipping sauces
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Otao tip: Choose a brand with low sugar and natural chilli flavour for a cleaner taste.
🦐 #4 Shrimp Paste – Mắm Tôm
This pungent and bold fermented shrimp paste is popular in Northern Vietnamese dishes. It’s not for the faint-hearted but adds incredible depth when used correctly.
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Taste: Strong, salty, deeply umami
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Use it for: Bún đậu mắm tôm, marinades, dipping sauces
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Otao tip: Mix with lime juice and sugar for a balanced dipping sauce that pairs well with pork.
🌿 #5 Soy Sauce – Nước Tương or Xì Dầu
Soy sauce is a staple across all Asian cuisines. In Vietnamese cooking, it’s used for seasoning, marinades, and stir-fries.
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Taste: Salty, umami, slightly sweet
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Use it for: Tofu dishes, dipping sauces, everyday stir-fries
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Otao tip: Stick to reputable brands like Kikkoman for quality and consistency.
🥄 #6 Sesame Oil – Dầu Mè
While not technically a sauce, sesame oil is a flavour-packed ingredient made from pressed sesame seeds. A little goes a long way in Vietnamese and pan-Asian cooking.
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Taste: Nutty, aromatic
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Use it for: Dressings, noodle dishes, light stir-fries
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Otao tip: Add it at the end of cooking to preserve its aroma and avoid smoking.
🍚 #7 Rice Vinegar – Dấm Gạo
Rice vinegar is milder than Western vinegar and is used widely in Vietnamese dipping sauces and soups. A special fermented version, giấm bỗng, comes from Northern Vietnam and adds a tangy depth to regional dishes.
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Taste: Mildly acidic, slightly sweet
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Use it for: Dipping sauces, bún riêu, bún ốc
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Otao tip: Southern Vietnamese use a similar version known as “me” in tangy broths.
🦪 #8 Oyster Sauce – Sốt Hào
Oyster sauce is a glossy, savoury sauce made from oyster extracts, sugar, and cornstarch. It adds depth and richness to stir-fried vegetables and meats.
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Taste: Sweet, salty, umami-rich
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Use it for: Marinades, sauces for greens, braised dishes
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Otao tip: Combine with garlic, sesame oil, and soy for a fast and delicious stir-fry sauce.
👨🍳 Learn More with Otao Kitchen
Want to master the art of Vietnamese cooking from the foundation up? Join our Vietnamese cooking classes and discover how to use these sauces in authentic recipes like pho, banh xeo, spring rolls, and more. Whether you’re a beginner or a confident home cook, you’ll learn techniques that make your everyday cooking better.