Essential Ingredients in Chinese Cooking
Chinese ancestors successfully planted millet, rice and wheat many thousands of years ago. Rice is a staple food for people from rice farming areas in southern China, while the wheat grain is a staple for many people in other northern parts of China. Rice is not only used for eating, but to produce beer, rice wine (mijiu) and vinegars.
Chinese noodles come dry or fresh in a variety of sizes, shapes and textures. They are often served in soups or fried as toppings. Mian (noodles) can be served hot or cold, in broths or dry with countless toppings.
Tofu is made from soybeans and is another popular food product that supplies protein. Other products such as soy milk, soy paste, soy oil, and fermented soy sauce are crucial in Chinese cooking. There are many tofu products, including tofu skin, smoked tofu, dried tofu, and fried varieties.
Some unique Chinese vegetables include baby corn, bean sprouts, pea vine tips, watercress, lotus roots, water chestnuts, bamboo shoots and endless varieties of greens! Dried or pickled vegetables are commonly used in colder regions, where fresh vegetables are hard to get out of season.
Aromatics and seasonings widely used incorporate ginger, garlic, spring onions, coriander and sesame. Sichuan peppercorns, star anise, cinnamon, fennel, cloves and white peppercorns are also used throughout different regions of China.
Chinese cuisine is built on a foundation of key grains, proteins, vegetables and seasonings that vary between north and south.
Grains and Staples
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Rice dominates southern menus and is used in everything from daily meals to rice wine (mijiu) and vinegars.
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Wheat is the staple in the north, forming the base of noodles, dumplings, and buns (mantou).
Noodles
Chinese mian (noodles) come in a dizzying variety of forms — flat, round, thin, thick, dry, or fresh — and are served hot or cold, in soups or stir-fries.
Tofu and Soy
From silken tofu to fermented bean curd, soy plays a starring role. You'll also find soy milk, soy paste, soy sauce, and soy oil as everyday essentials in any Chinese kitchen.
Vegetables and Preserves
Expect to cook with unique Chinese vegetables like:
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Lotus root, pea tips, water chestnuts, and bamboo shoots.
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In cold regions, pickled and dried vegetables are common pantry staples.
Flavours and Seasonings
Chinese food relies on a spectrum of aromatics and spices including:
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Ginger, garlic, spring onions, sesame, star anise, cinnamon, and Sichuan peppercorns.
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Condiments and sauces like oyster sauce, black vinegar, hoisin, and chilli oil give each region its signature taste.
Curious about Chinese sauces? Explore them in depth in our Chinese Cooking Program »
Dining the Chinese Way: Culture & Customs
Chopsticks & Dining Etiquette
Chopsticks are the main eating utensils for Chinese food, which can be used to cut, cook and pick up food. It is considered inappropriate to use knives at the dining table.
Cold dishes are usually served before the main meal. Besides salad and pickles as appetisers, bean curd, noodle salad, cooked meat, sausages, jellyfish and cold soups are common. Main meals are set out in a banquet style with a selection of dishes served. For mains, there are usually meat dishes, vegetables and rice or noodles served as part of a shared meal. Seasonal fruits or small sweet bites (dim sum) may serve as dessert after dinner.
Tea plays a big role in Chinese dining culture. China is well known for different types of teas including black, white, green, yellow and oolong. Tea is often classified into several different categories according to the species of plant from which it is sourced, the region in which it is grown, and the method of production used. Alcoholic beverages consumed such as Mijiu or Baijiu are made of rice and other grains.
Chopsticks are more than tools — they’re a symbol of culture. Knives are traditionally kept out of the dining room, reflecting harmony and respect.
Meal Structure
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Meals typically begin with cold appetisers like pickled vegetables, jellyfish, or sliced meat.
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Main courses are served banquet-style for sharing: a mix of meat, seafood, vegetable, and rice or noodle dishes.
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Fruits or small sweets (like dim sum) close out the meal.
Tea and Drinks
Tea is deeply woven into Chinese food culture. Popular varieties include:
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Green, black, white, yellow, and oolong tea, often served with or after meals.
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Alcoholic options like Mijiu (rice wine) and Baijiu (distilled liquor) are also traditional.
Chinese Food Abroad: A Global Influence
For hundreds of years, there has been historical immigrant Chinese populations to both Asia and the West. The style of food has evolved adapted to suit local tastes and incorporate native ingredients. China has heavily shaped the cuisines of many nations including Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia Nepal, Tibet and The Philippines.
According to a report released by China's largest on-demand service platform in 2018, there are over 600,000 Chinese restaurants overseas. The report also pointed out that hotpot is the most popular food in the foreign market.
The Chinese diaspora has taken Chinese food across the globe, adapting recipes to suit local tastes and ingredients. Chinese culinary traditions have shaped — and been shaped by — the cuisines of:
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Vietnam, Malaysia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and beyond.
Did you know?
A 2018 report by China's leading food delivery platform reported over 600,000 Chinese restaurants operating overseas — and hotpot is the most popular dish internationally.
Taste the flavours of China for yourself — book a Chinese Street Food Cooking Experience »
Learn to Cook Chinese Food at Otao Kitchen
At Otao Kitchen, our Chinese Cooking Classes in Melbourne offer a hands-on introduction to regional Chinese cuisines — from wok-fried noodles and handmade dumplings to spicy Sichuan dishes and Cantonese classics. Whether you're a beginner or seasoned cook, you’ll leave with new skills, delicious recipes, and a deeper understanding of Chinese culinary culture.