What Is Fish Sauce?
Fish sauce is a fermented condiment made from fish (usually anchovies) and salt. The fish are packed into large vats, layered with sea salt, and left to ferment for anywhere from one to three years. Over time, the protein-rich liquid is drawn out from the fish and becomes the savoury, golden nectar known as fish sauce.
This age-old method of fermentation can be traced back thousands of years to Southwest China and the Mekong River region, eventually spreading to coastal communities across Southeast Asia and evolving into many regional variations.
Fish Sauce Across Asia: What’s It Called?
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Vietnam: Nước Mắm
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Thailand: Nam Pla
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Philippines: Patis
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Korea: Aekjeot
Though the base ingredients are similar, flavour profiles vary significantly by region and brand, influenced by climate, fermentation time, salt ratios, and tradition.
How to Judge a Good Fish Sauce
When buying fish sauce, keep these quality indicators in mind:
✔️ Pure Ingredients
The best fish sauces contain just fish and salt. No sugar, preservatives, MSG, or hydrolysed protein.
✔️ Rich Umami Taste Without Harsh Fishiness
High-quality fish sauce should taste savoury, oceanic, and clean — not overly “fishy” or sharp. It should enhance, not overpower, your dish.
✔️ Deep Amber Colour
A good fish sauce has a translucent, deep amber hue — not murky, overly dark, or artificial-looking.
✔️ Protein Content
In Vietnam, protein content (measured in °N, or nitrogen level) indicates concentration and quality:
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Red Boat 40°N = Premium everyday use
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Red Boat 50°N = Extra premium, more intense flavour
Higher protein often means less dilution and more depth, so you can use less and still get great flavour.
First Press vs. Second Press Fish Sauce
Just like olive oil, fish sauce can be graded by the press:
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First press (nước mắm nhĩ) is from the first extraction — it’s more concentrated, aromatic, and expensive.
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Second press or diluted versions may be cheaper, but have a lighter, saltier taste.
Best Fish Sauce Brands Available in Australia
You can find a variety of options at your local Asian supermarket or online. Here are some top-rated fish sauce brands:
🇹🇭 Golden Boy (Thailand)
Mild, budget-friendly and well-loved in Thai cooking.
🇭🇰🇹🇭 Three Crabs / Viet Huong (Hong Kong/Thailand)
Popular for Vietnamese cooking, slightly sweet and widely used.
🇻🇳 Red Boat 40°N / 50°N (Phú Quốc, Vietnam)
Premium, first press, no additives – ideal for serious home cooks.
🇹🇭 MegaChef (30°N, Thailand)
Gluten-free, all-natural, rich umami flavour, great for sauces and stir-fries.
🇲🇾 Ayam Fish Sauce (Malaysia)
A common household brand with a mild taste.
🇹🇭 Squid Brand (Thailand)
Affordable and widely available, suitable for everyday cooking.
How to Choose the Right Fish Sauce
When you're shopping, follow these tips:
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✅ Read the Label: Look for fish and salt as the only ingredients.
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✅ Check Origin vs. Branding: Packaging might say "Vietnamese style", but the product may be made elsewhere.
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✅ Compare Protein Levels: Higher nitrogen content = more concentrated flavour.
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✅ Avoid Sugar or MSG (if you prefer clean-tasting sauces).
At Otao Kitchen, we’ve used many brands over the years, and while all of the above are good, if you’re after a premium choice, try Red Boat 40°N or 50°N. It’s around $12 a bottle, but it’s potent – so a little goes a long way.
Why It Matters in Your Cooking
Fish sauce is the umami backbone of Southeast Asian cooking. From Vietnamese pho and green papaya salad to Thai pad see ew and Cambodian prahok, just a few drops can elevate your dish to authentic restaurant-quality flavour.
For home cooks building an Asian pantry, investing in a good bottle of fish sauce is essential. It’s the one condiment you’ll reach for again and again — to season broths, balance dressings, marinate meats, and even deepen stir-fries.
🍜 Final Tip from Otao Kitchen
Try a side-by-side tasting of two or three fish sauces at home with rice or plain soup. You'll be amazed at the difference in flavour, aroma, and depth — and you’ll quickly discover your favourite.
Looking to learn more about Southeast Asian cooking?
Join one of our hands-on cooking classes and discover the magic of fish sauce in real recipes — from noodle soups to spicy salads.