The Essential Ingredients in Sri Lankan Cuisine

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The Essential Ingredients in Sri Lankan Cuisine

1. Curry Leaves

Used fresh whenever possible, curry leaves come from a tree in the citrus family. They are commonly fried in oil at the start of cooking to release their aromatic oils — a foundational step in many curries and chutneys. The flavour is citrusy, earthy, and unmistakably Sri Lankan.


2. Pandan Leaves

Often grown at home in Sri Lanka, pandan (or rampe) is prized for its sweet, grassy aroma and is used to infuse flavour into rice, curries, and stews. Known as the “vanilla of Asia,” pandan offers subtle floral notes that elevate any dish.


3. Drumsticks

Not to be confused with chicken legs, these long green pods from the moringa tree have a slightly bitter flavour and are used in vegetable curries. The fibrous skin is discarded, while the soft centre is scooped out and eaten.


4. Green Chillies

Spicy food lovers rejoice! Green chillies are used liberally in Sri Lankan cooking to bring heat and brightness. They're featured in everything from sambols to curries and add a zingy kick to any dish.


5. Ghee

This clarified butter is prized for its deep nutty aroma and high smoke point. Ghee is used for tempering spices or finishing dishes, adding richness and complexity without burning.


6. Red Lentils (Masoor Dhal)

Lentils are a staple in Sri Lanka’s predominantly vegetarian meals. A simple dhal curry made with red lentils, coconut milk, and spices is almost always served with rice — comforting, hearty, and full of flavour.


7. Coconut (Milk, Oil & Flesh)

In Sri Lankan cuisine, the coconut tree is truly the “Tree of Life.” Coconut milk adds creaminess to curries, grated coconut features in sambols and sweets, and coconut oil is used in cooking. It’s impossible to imagine a Sri Lankan kitchen without it.


8. Maldive Fish

This spiced, dried, and shaved bonito (tuna) is the umami bomb of Sri Lankan cuisine — like anchovies in Italian food or shrimp paste in Southeast Asia. It’s a key ingredient in sambols and adds depth to vegetarian curries.


9. Samba Rice

Smaller and rounder than basmati, samba rice is native to Sri Lanka. It has a unique aroma and a slightly firmer texture, making it the perfect base for a meal of rich curries and accompaniments.


10. Chutneys, Pickles & Sambols

No Sri Lankan meal is complete without them. From sweet and tangy lime or date chutneys to spicy onion sambols and savoury pickles, these condiments add bursts of flavour that bring balance to every bite.


11. Coconut Oil

Fragrant and flavoursome, coconut oil is used to fry spices and cook vegetables. It adds a distinctive tropical aroma but is used sparingly due to its high saturated fat content.


12. Goraka

A souring and thickening agent unique to Sri Lanka, goraka is dried fruit with a sharp tang. It's most famously used in ambul thiyal, a sour fish curry, where it adds depth and preserves the fish naturally.


13. Fenugreek

These small, square seeds are often used to give curries a subtle bitterness and thickness. Toast them gently to release their flavour — but don’t overheat, or they’ll turn too bitter.


14. Sri Lankan Curry Powder

Unlike Indian curry powders, Ceylon curry powders are roasted, giving them a deep, smoky flavour. There are three main types:

  • White curry powder: mild, coconut milk-based.

  • Red curry powder: rich with chilli for spicier dishes.

  • Black curry powder: toasted until nearly burnt for bold, intense curries.


Discover the Flavours of Sri Lanka at Otao Kitchen

Want to explore these ingredients hands-on? Join our Sri Lankan Cooking Class at Otao Kitchen in Melbourne, where you'll learn to cook authentic dishes like dhal curry, eggplant moju, and ambul thiyal. Perfect for food lovers, adventurous cooks, and spice enthusiasts alike.


Book your class today and taste the difference!

🔗 Explore Sri Lankan Cooking Classes at Otao Kitchen

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